The designer, after careful consideration, prepares the most economic layout he can undertake within the parameters available to them – only to find that alterations are required by the stress engineer.
If the stress engineer is asked why the layout must be altered – in most cases the reply will be the well known stock phrase “It’s too tight”. This is another way of saying that for one reason or another, the layout has not enough flexibility.
The Designer then has the task of meeting the stress requirements by altering the layout such as:
(a) Increasing the length of the offset(s) in a piping configuration.
(b) Altering the position, type or number of restraints in the piping.
(c) Moving the equipment in order to meet with the flexibility parameters.
Chapter 18. Thermal Expansion
18.1 Piping Stress Analysis Logic
18.2 Minimum Flexibility Requirements
18.3 Allowable Expansion Stress Range
18.4 Flexibility
18.5 Stress Analysts’ Function
18.6 Codes and Regulations
18.7 Scope of Code Rules
18.8 Flange Leakage
18.9 Building Flexibility into your Layouts
18.10 Loads at Pumps
18.11 Loads at Steam Turbines
18.12 Loads at Compressors
18.13 Loads at Exchangers
18.14 Loads at Vertical Vessels
18.15 Excessive Thrusts or Moments on Connected Equipment
I need it thanks